The town of Rhodes owes much of its wonderful architecture to the Knights of St John who came to the island in 1309 and built their dwellings, fortifications and churches on the remains of structures left by previous Roman and Byzantine rulers. In 1291 the Knights had been forced out of Jerusalem and after a brief, unsuccessful period in Cyprus, they selected Rhodes as their new domain. The initial years on Rhodes, and some other small islands that also formed part of their occupation, were not entirely peaceful and some disquiet saw the knights attempt to assassinate their leader. Grand Master Foulques de Villaret, had instigated the conquest of Rhodes, but found himself seeking refuge in the castle at Lindos on the island, while another Grand Master was appointed to replace him.

Although the buildings in Lindos are an important part of Rhodes' history, it is the streets and castles of Rhodes Old Town that play host to the Medieval Rose Festival. The organisers use the combined efforts of historians, performers, artists and craftsmen to re-enact scenes from medieval life during the period of the Knights. Participation is important and as many people as possible are encouraged to take part.

The medieval city of Rhodes is a UNESCO World Heritage site and this festival helps to mark its importance and assist in its preservation.

The Medieval Rose Festival takes places on June 19th-21st and 27th-28th.